Install a Self-Hosted Bitwarden/Vaultwarden Password Vault on Debian

What is Bitwarden?

Bitwarden is a free and open-source password management service that stores sensitive information such as website credentials in an encrypted vault. The Bitwarden platform offers a variety of client applications including a web interface, desktop applications, browser extensions, mobile apps, and a CLI. Bitwarden offers a cloud-hosted service as well as the ability to deploy the solution on-premises. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwarden

Install Bitwarden/Vaultwarden

1. Log into the Linux device
2. Run the following commands in a terminal window
   # update software repositories
   sudo apt update
   # install available software updates
   sudo apt upgrade -y
   # install prerequisites
   sudo apt install git curl build-essential pkg-config libssl-dev openssl libssl1.1 libmariadb-dev-compat libmariadb-dev -y
   # add nodejs software repository
   curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | sudo bash -
   # install nodejs
   sudo apt install nodejs -y
   # install rust, enter 1 at the prompt
   curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sudo sh
   # configure the shell
   source $HOME/.cargo/env
   # clone vaultwarden from git
   git clone https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden.git ./vaultwarden
   # cd into the new directory
   cd vaultwarden/
   # checkout latest version
   git checkout "$(git tag --sort=v:refname | tail -n1)"
   # build vaultwarden with mysql support
   cargo build --features mysql,sqlite --release
   # cd back one directory
   cd ..
   # clone web from git
   git clone https://github.com/bitwarden/web.git ./web
   # cd into the new web
   cd web/
   # checkout the latest version
   git checkout "$(git tag --sort=v:refname | tail -n1)"
   # update submodule
   git submodule update --init --recursive
   # download web patch
   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dani-garcia/bw_web_builds/master/patches/$(git tag --sort=v:refname | tail -n1).patch
   # apply patch
   git apply $(git tag --sort=v:refname | tail -n1).patch --verbose
   # clean npm cache
   npm cache clean --force
   # initialize npm
   npm run sub:init
   # install npm dependencies
   npm install
   # fix npm vulnerabilities
   npm audit fix
   # build web vault
   npm run dist:bit:selfhost
   # copy the build directory into vaultwarden/web-vault
   cp -a build ../vaultwarden/target/release/web-vault
   # cd into vaultwarden
   cd ../vaultwarden/target/release/
   # create a data directory
   mkdir data
   # run vaultwarden
   ./vaultwarden
3. Open a web browser and navigate to https://DNSorIP:8000
4. Click the Create Account button
5. Complete the form by entering an Email Address, Name, Master Password and Password Hint (optional) > Click Submit
6. Login with the account created in the last step
7. Welcome to your self-hosted Bitwarden password vault

Run Bitwarden/Vaultwarden as a Service (Optional, but recommended)

1. Press CTRL + C to kill the running Vaultwarden process
2. Continue with the following steps to run Vaultwarden as a service
   # cd to vaultwarden/target/release
   cd ~/vaultwarden/target/release
   # copy the .env template
   sudo cp ../../.env.template /etc/vaultwarden.env
   # copy vaultwarden executable
   sudo cp vaultwarden /usr/bin/vaultwarden
   # make vaultwarden executable
   sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/vaultwarden
   # create vaultwarden user
   sudo useradd -m -d /var/lib/vaultwarden vaultwarden
   # copy existing data directory
   sudo cp -R data /var/lib/vaultwarden/
   # copy web-vault directory
   sudo cp -R web-vault /var/lib/vaultwarden/
   # set ownership permissions
   sudo chown -R vaultwarden:vaultwarden /var/lib/vaultwarden
   # create service file
   sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/vaultwarden.service
3. Paste the following configuration into vaultwarden.service

   [Unit]
   Description=Vaultwarden Server
   
   # Only sqlite
   After=network.target

   [Service]
   User=vaultwarden
   Group=vaultwarden
   EnvironmentFile=/etc/vaultwarden.env
   ExecStart=/usr/bin/vaultwarden
   PrivateTmp=true
   PrivateDevices=true
   ProtectHome=true
   ProtectSystem=strict
   WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/vaultwarden
   ReadWriteDirectories=/var/lib/vaultwarden
   AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE

   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target

4. Press CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X to write the changes to vaultwarden.service
5. Continue with the following commands to enable the site and start vaultwarden:
   # reload systemd services
   sudo systemctl daemon-reload
   # start vaultwarden service on boot and now
   sudo systemctl enable vaultwarden --now
6. Refresh the open web browser to verify Bitwarden is accessible